What are compression stockings and when are they needed?

Compression stockings are not just a wardrobe item, but a specialised medical product designed to support leg health. Their primary function is to improve blood circulation and reduce strain on the venous system.
The key feature of compression stockings lies in their graduated pressure. The compression is not uniform: it is strongest around the ankle and gradually decreases towards the thigh. This principle helps blood flow upward more easily, preventing stagnation in the veins. As a result, swelling is reduced, the feeling of heaviness and fatigue is eased, and the risk of developing vascular conditions is lowered.

Unlike ordinary opaque hosiery, compression garments are engineered with medical precision. The pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and is selected individually, depending on the condition of the legs and the intended purpose.

Compression stockings are divided into preventive and medical types. Preventive models provide minimal compression and are suitable for people who spend long hours on their feet or, conversely, lead a sedentary lifestyle. Medical stockings are classified into compression classes, from class one to class four. The higher the class, the stronger the compression and the stricter the indications for use.

There are also maternity stockings, post-operative models, and options designed for sports activities. Each type is developed with specific physical demands and physiological needs in mind.

Compression stockings are recommended for varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, a tendency to swelling, and leg cramps. They are often used after surgical procedures to help prevent thrombosis and support recovery.

Pregnancy is another period when compression stockings may be advised. Increased pressure on the veins and hormonal changes raise the risk of venous issues, and properly selected compression helps minimise these risks.

In addition, compression stockings are beneficial during long flights, extended travel, and sedentary work. In such conditions, circulation slows down, and added venous support helps maintain comfort and leg health.

There is a common belief that compression stockings are only necessary for older people or those with serious medical conditions. In reality, preventive use is also relevant for younger individuals, especially those with a genetic predisposition to varicose veins. Another misconception is that compression garments are uncomfortable or unattractive. Modern designs offer a neat appearance and a comfortable, well-fitting feel.

Compression stockings are an effective way to support leg health and prevent vascular problems. They are essential not only when conditions are already present, but also in situations that place increased strain on the venous system.